90° Elbow
A right-angle turn. Long-radius is the default for flow; short-radius is used where space is tight.
Browse catalogKnowledge
What Are Pipe Fittings?
Pipe fittings are components used to connect, redirect, branch, reduce, or terminate piping systems. They help control the direction and flow of fluids while providing secure and reliable connections between pipes and equipment.
ASTM A403 · ASME B16.9 · Sch 10S / 40S / 80S · 1/2"–24"
By job on the line
Read a fitting by what it does.
Direction
Turn the run without adding extra welds.
45° Elbow
A shallower offset. Used to kick a line over, drop elevation, or split a 90° turn into two welds.
Browse catalogSize
Change diameter while keeping a butt-weld end.
Concentric Reducer
Centerlines stay aligned. Use it in vertical runs and wherever the bore should remain concentric.
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Eccentric Reducer
One side stays flat. Flat-on-top avoids a vapor pocket at a pump suction; flat-on-bottom drains a horizontal line.
Browse catalogBranch
Take flow off the header, equal or reducing.
Equal Tee
Run and branch are the same size. The standard three-way joint for headers and take-offs.
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Reducing Tee
The branch is smaller than the run. Use it when a take-off does not need the full header size.
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Cross
Four outlets in one fitting. Used where two branches leave the same point, not as a default joint.
Browse catalogClose
Shut the pipe with a weld, not a flange.
Cap
A formed head that welds onto the pipe end. Permanent closure for a dead-leg, test point, or future extension.
Browse catalogConnect
The fitting that makes a lap-joint flange work.
Stub End
A short flanged nipple. The lap-joint ring slips over it, so bolt holes can rotate and the ring can be a different grade.
Browse catalogASTM dimensions
Sizes from the catalog.
Center-to-end, length, and weight by NPS. Click a plate to enlarge and read the table.
Elbows
45° · 90° · ASTM
Tees
Equal · Reduced · ASTM
Reducers
Concentric · Eccentric · ASTM
End cap
ASTM
Stub ends
ASTM
Five shop paths
The fitting decides the route.
Unlike flanges, fittings are not one sequence. Pipe and plate take different paths, and elbows, tees, reducers, and caps each form in their own way.
From Pipe
Elbows
- 01Cut
- 02Mandrel-form
- 03Reform
- 04Bevel
From Pipe
Tees
- 01Cut
- 02Bulge-form
- 03End-cut
- 04Heat treat
- 05Bevel
From Pipe
Reducers
- 01Cut
- 02Press-form
- 03Bevel
From Plate
Caps
- 01Cut
- 02Press-form
- 03Bevel
From Plate
Large elbows & tees
- 01Cut
- 02Press
- 03Trim
- 04Weld
- 05Bevel
All paths meet at final inspection and packing.
Material
Stainless steel pipe fittings are used for their strength, corrosion resistance, and long service life.
Service
- Oil & gas
- Chemical
- Food & beverage
- Pharmaceutical
- Water treatment
- Industrial
- Liquid cooling